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Advanced Synthesis of Titanium-Doped-Tellerium-Cadmium Mixtures for High Performance Solar Cell Applications as One of Renewable Source of Energy

Khaled M. Elsabawy, Waheed F. El-Hawary and Moamen S. Refat

The sol–gel technique has applied to synthesize of small-sized Ti-doped CdTe. Gels were synthesized by the hydrolysis of a complex solution of Si(OC2H5)4, Cd(CH3COO)2. 2H2O, Ti(CH3COO)4 and Te were heated from 350° to 600°C in a H2-N2 atmosphere to form fine cubic CdTe doped crystals. The size of CdTe crystals, determined from the line broadening of X-ray diffraction pattern, increases from 6 to 21 nm in diameter with increasing heat-treatment temperature. Micro-structural features of Tidoped CdTe crystals were characterized by both of AFM and SEM investigations. The analysis of microstructural micrographs of both of SEM and AFM indicated that titanium additions improved the crystal growth of grain towards more lower grain size which ranged in between 1.4-2.5 μm while 0.67 μm through Scherrer’s calculations