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Chemical transformation of water at small catchments in extratropicalmonsoon zone (a case of SikhoteAlinMountains, Pacific Russia)

A.G.Boldeskul, V.V. Shamov, B.I.Gartsman, N.K.Kozhevnikova, T.S.Gubareva, T.N.Lutsenko, S.Yu.Lupakov

In the paper, the results of field observations ofwater chemical composition obtained during warm periods of 2011-2012 at a representative small catchment are presented. Seven basic landscape types of water were distinguished and investigated, namely, cyclonic and air-mass rainfall, throughfall, subsurface soil flow, low water flow (specific discharges of waters do not exceed 2.5 l/ s·km2), lowfloods (peak specific discharges are from 2.5 to 16l/s·km2) and medium floods (peak specific discharges are from 16 to 100 l/s·km2). A result of the interaction between the rainfall and landscape components is that all natural water types examined differ to themaximumextent in the anionic composition. Achemical pattern of the streamwater is found to depend definitely onmany-days prehistory in hydrological conditions; it is predominantly formed in the soil-ground cover and does changewith increase in discharge ambiguously and nonlinearly.