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Gravitoelectromagnetic theories and their applications to advanced science and technology

Takaaki Musha, Mario Pinheiro, Thomas Valone

Gravitoelectromagnetism refers to a set of formal analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation;, specifically between MaxwellÂ’s field equations and an approximation, valid under certain conditions, to the Einstein field equations for general relativity. Gravitomagnetism is a widely used term referring specifically to the kinetic effects of gravity, in analogy to the magnetic effects of moving electric charge. The analogy and equations differing only by some small factors were first published in 1893 by Oliver Heaviside as a separate theory expanding NewtonÂ’s law.