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Modeling the Impact of Man-Made Landscapes on the State of the Soil

Tolepbayeva AK, Kadirbekova AA, Kazova RA and Lentscke J

Currently, the problem of environmental protection from negative impact of geotechnical systems (GTS) are relevant, as industry become GTS, incompatible with the environment. By the end of the 20th century, humanity was facing a sad reality-the presence of numerous actively formed foci with an ecological unfriendly environment. The world community unanimously acknowledges economic activity as the main reason of the growing environmental crisis. The technogenic activity of humanity was unanimously recognized as the first cause of the ecological crisis. The main role in it is played by the production and use of energy derived from non-renewable natural resources. This category includes transport operating on oil refining products, heat and electric power, petrochemicals, metallurgy, waste processing industries, etc. Thereby the article is devoted to the research of the impact of the geotechnical system on the environment (soil cover). The article shows the state of the impact of the geotechnical system on the environment (soil cover). In the process of exploitation of deposits, transportation of raw materials there happens pollution of the soil cover and the environment by emissions into the atmosphere, salinization of the lithosphere by mineralized industrial wastewater, contamination of the soil with overburden rocks, small fractions of raw materials, etc. A methodology for studying the concentration of salts in the process of soil salinization has been developed. The method of simplex-lattice interaction planning in multicomponent systems constructing the full-composition-property diagram by matrix was used. The results of a chemical-analytical study of the content of pollutants, simplex-lattice planning of the effect of salt components on the soil, are presented giving a "composition-property" diagram of the NaCl (X1)-MgSO4 (X2)-CaSO4 (X3) system. It is established that the highest degree of salinity is achieved with the ratio of components X1: X2: X3=10: 60: 30. In the sulfated-enriched area, the degree of salinity is the highest (up to 99.8%): while in the "chloride corner" the degree is lower (to 70%-80%), which is caused by the greater solubility of alkali metal chlorides (in particular, sodium chloride NaCI) and more intensive washout of chlorides in comparison with sulphates. The practical value of the work is development of recommendations for reducing the salinization of the lithosphere by studying the system of natural minerals gallite-NaCI MgSO4 and calcium sulfate CaSO4.