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Signaling pathways in endochondral ossification: Implication for cartilage tissue engineering

Sari Yohana Panjaitan, JeanneAdiwinata Pawitan

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into different kind of cell types such as osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Therefore, MSC is very promising for tissue engineering, such as cartilage tissue engineering. However, the signaling pathways for cartilage development are also involved in bone formation, either directly or via a cartilage template. Therefore, for cartilage engineering, the choice of factors that promote cartilage development that devoid of bone formation is of great importance, and this mini review addrressed the stages of endochondral bone formation, the signaling pathway that are involved in endochondral bone formation, and its implication in cartilage tissue engineering.